On the other hand, Kaur and Reddy (2013) demonstrated that native bacterial strains associated with maize crop have the ability to facilitate microorganism-plant interaction in order to enhance plant growth parameters, such as shoot length, germination, shoot, and root dry weight, as well as an increase in crop yield, by the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and solubilization of phosphates. (2016) found that the inoculation of exogenous microorganisms caused significant changes in the diversity of the microbial community, which can compromise the subsequent functionality of the soil. to avoid competence for nutrients or a specific niche). Several research, mainly related to pollutants biodegradation, have shown that for an exogenous PGPB to properly perform its functions, not only must adapt to the local region edaphoclimatic conditions but also there must be compatibility with the native microorganisms (i.e. PGPB can be classified as native or indigenous when those are endemic to the site where they will be applied and as exogenous when they are isolated from other locations. Weight, chlorophyll content, and plant height ( Kumar Showing significant changes in physiological parameters, i.e., dry Have demonstrated the ability of these bacterial genera to promote the growth ofĭifferent crops such as rice, tomato, wheat, maize, chickpea, peanuts, among others, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, andĪhemad and Kibret, 2014). Gluconacetobacter, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Genera of PGPB are Acetobacter, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter,Īzospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Production, synthesis of phytohormones, production of siderophores, among others Protection against diseases and abiotic stress, by improving the biological nitrogenįixation, solubilization of phosphates, reduction of stress through diverse enzyme PGPBĪpplied to plants, either on soil or seeds, improve plant crops growth and Rhizosphere and bulk soil, as well as within and on aerial plant tissues ( de Souza et al., 2015). PGPB includes a large group of microorganisms that can be found in the Plant development and soil health represents an attractive alternative toĬonventional agriculture, named Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) ( Valenzuela-Aragon et al.,Ģ019). The use of soil microorganisms (mainly bacteria) as inoculants with beneficial traits for Thus, the need fo the development of sustainable strategies for food production, to diminish the damage caused by the use of large quantities of agrochemicals, is evident. Nevertheless, the excessive use of agrochemicals contributes to the contamination of soils and underground water supplies, leading to potential health risks and environmental degradation ( Meza-Montenegro et al., 2012). However, this global and national food demand has led to the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, in areas of intensive agriculture such as the Yaqui Valley, where high amounts of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers have been used, as well as pesticides, to improve the yield of several crops such as wheat and maize ( McCullough and Matson, 2016). On the other hand, maize production in the main agricultural zones of northwestern Mexico, such as the Yaqui Valley, reached 449,000 tons in the year 2018, while in 2019 its production increased up to 567,000 tons ( SIAP-SADER, 2020). In Mexico, during 2018, around 7.3 million hectares were cultivated with this cereal, with a total production of 27.1 million tons ( SIAP-SADER, 2020). In 2018, world maize production reached 1147.62 million tons, the highest amount among the main cereals ( FAO, 2020). Maize ( Zea mays L.) belongs to the group of cereals with worldwide importance, due to its applications in animal consumption, including human.
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